ABSTRACT
This research developed a multinomial classification model that predicts the prevalent mode of transmission of the coronavirus from person to person within a geographic area, using data from the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO defines four transmission modes of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19);namely, community transmission, pending (unknown), sporadic cases, and clusters of cases. The logistic regression was deployed on the COVID-19 dataset to construct a multinomial model that can predict the prevalent transmission mode of coronavirus within a geographic area. The k-fold cross validation was employed to test predictive accuracy of the model, which yielded 73% accuracy. This model can be adopted by local authorities such as regional, state, local government, and cities, to predict the prevalent transmission mode of the virus within their territories. The outcome of the prediction will determine the appropriate strategies to put in place or re-enforced to curtail further transmission.Copyright © 2023 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
ABSTRACT
This research developed a multinomial classification model that predicts the prevalent mode of transmission of the coronavirus from person to person within a geographic area, using data from the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO defines four transmission modes of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19);namely, community transmission, pending (unknown), sporadic cases, and clusters of cases. The logistic regression was deployed on the COVID-19 dataset to construct a multinomial model that can predict the prevalent transmission mode of coronavirus within a geographic area. The k-fold cross validation was employed to test predictive accuracy of the model, which yielded 73% accuracy. This model can be adopted by local authorities such as regional, state, local government, and cities, to predict the prevalent transmission mode of the virus within their territories. The outcome of the prediction will determine the appropriate strategies to put in place or re-enforced to curtail further transmission.
ABSTRACT
In December 2019, Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viruses, which affected the whole world, is emerged. The details on the epidemiology, infection source, transmission mode, and prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 gave in this review. Universal infection control standards such as hand hygiene, environmental cleanliness, use of personal protective equipment, and quarantine used to prevent the spread of COVID-19 without vaccine. However, many vaccine candidate studies carried out globally with using traditional and technological approaches. Innovations in technology allow the development of nanotechnological tools and the formation of systems that will inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in patients. It expected to include technologies that combine different disciplines, especially robotic applications, antimicrobial nanotechnology, and tissue engineering for the future treatment of COVID-19. This review-based work discusses the relationship of COVID-19 and nanotechnology based working principles. Copyright © 2023 Ayan, Aranci-Ciftci, Ciftci and Ustundag.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has become an urgent issue and attracted extensive attention all over the world due to its strong infectivity and high mortality. The outbreak of COVID-19 has a negative impact on the development of the world economy, brought inconvenience to people's daily life and threatened our health safety. Considering the global spread of COVID-19 disease with the tremendous number of infections and also deaths, understanding the transmission modes of this virus to formulate effective prevention and control strategies is of vital importance. This paper reviews three main transmission routes (contact, droplet and aerosol) and three possible transmission routes (maternal-infant, fecal-oral and cross-species) of COVID-19, which has reference value and guiding significance for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in the future. © 2022 ACM.
ABSTRACT
Covid-19 has become one of the most dangerous diseases suddenly which is infecting the people in all over the world. It has created an impact on the lives of thousands of people all over the world. Governments of various countries are trying to control the wide spread of COVID-19 in our society. It is a danger to the human existence, so it is highly important to stop spreading the disease as it is deadly contagious. Spreading of virus can be prevented, by maintaining social distance and hygiene. The major transmission mode of COVID-19 is through saliva and nose discharge.It is highly important to know the necessity of wearing mask in the public. We need an automatic monitoring system for time being to monitor the public so as to avoid the situation of spreading of the disease for not wearing mask and not maintaining social distance. We have applied a deep learning technique to check whether the person is having a face mask or not. This work is aimed to identify the face mask in the public places which helps in the reducing of spread of the virus. CNN is used for the model. The proposed model recognizes the face region in the image given as input and extracts the necessary facial features to identify the face mask region. © 2021 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
In the medical literature, three mutually non-exclusive modes of pathogen transmission associated with respiratory droplets are usually identified: contact, droplet, and airborne (or aerosol) transmission. The demarcation between droplet and airborne transmission is often based on a cut-off droplet diameter, most commonly 5 µm. We argue here that the infectivity of a droplet, and consequently the transmissivity of the virus, as a function of droplet size is a continuum, depending on numerous factors (gravitational settling rate, transport, and dispersion in a turbulent air jet, viral load and viral shedding, virus inactivation) that cannot be adequately characterized by a single droplet diameter. We propose instead that droplet and aerosol transmission should be replaced by a unique airborne transmission mode, to be distinguished from contact transmission.
ABSTRACT
The current rampant coronavirus infection in humans, commonly known as COVID-19, a pandemic that may cause mortality in humans, has been declared a global emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO). The morbidity and mortality rates due to the pandemic are increasing rapidly worldwide, with the USA most affected by the disease. The source COVID-19 is not absolutely clear; however, the disease may be transmitted by either by COVID-19-positive individuals or from a contaminated environment. In this review, we focused on how the COVID-19 virus is transmitted in the community. An extensive literature search was conducted using specific keywords and criteria. Based on the published report, it is concluded that COVID-19 is primarily transmitted human-to-human via oral and respiratory aerosols and droplets with the virus-contaminated environment play a lesser role in the propagation of disease. Healthcare providers and the elderly with comorbidities are especially susceptible to the infection.
ABSTRACT
@#Since the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19)has rapidly spread in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China. This has aroused great concern of the Chinese government and the international community. There have been unconfirmed threads of COVID-19 patients with conjunctivitis as the first symptom. Therefore, the issue that whether and how the novel coronavirus strain SARS-CoV-2 infection is transmitted through the ocular surface has become a new concern. In the absence of clinical and experimental evidence of COVID-19 in ocular infection, we have conducted a retrospective literature analysis of viral pathogens that simultaneously trigger ocular lesions during the onset of epidemic diseases. The purpose of this paper is to provide some reference and suggestions for appropriately understanding of ocular protection in the prevention and control of the COVID-19.